Compiling GRASS on MS-Windows

Dependencies required for building with MinGW

Compiling your own copy of GRASS is greatly simplified by using the OSGeo4W directory structure to install most dependencies and downloading the rest from a few other locations. Follow the steps below to set up the build environment for GRASS.

Install the OSGeo4W directory structure

OSGeo4W has several of the required dependencies for compiling GRASS:

1. Download the OSGeo4W installer from ​here.

2. Run the installer.

3. Select Advanced Install, and Next.

4. Set the install directory to c:\OSGeo4W (other directories or fine if there are no spaces in the path but make sure to adjust the instructions below (?))

5. Select grass from the desktop section (this is a binary but we'll compile from source later).

6. Also select:

• Commandline_Utilities
  • avce00
  • gpsbabel

• Libs:
  • fftw-devel
  • freetype-devel
  • freetype-devel-mingw
  • gsl-libs
  • gsl-devel
  • libpng-devel
  • libpng-devel-mingw
  • libtiff-devel
  • libxdr
  • mingw-libs (contains mingw-style libraries for VC build binaries and depends on gdal, libpq, libjpeg-devel, sqlite3, libtiff, zlib, proj)
  • pdcurses-devel
  • tcltk-devel
  • zlib-devel

7. Click next, the selected packages and their required subpackages will be downloaded and installed automatically.

Install the environment for compilation (MingW)

1. Run msys (there should be an icon on the desktop)
   • Note for Vista 64bit: in case that MSYS starts to open multiple windows, close them all. Check first ​this discussion. A solutions seems to be to download ​http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mingw/MSYS-1.0.11-20070729.tar.bz2 (or newer?). Open the tarball, and copy the bin directory over C:\osgeo4w\apps\msys\bin. see also ​https://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=720513

2. Type:

    mkdir /c/osgeo4w/apps/msys/osgeo4w
   

3. Copy c:\osgeo4w\apps\msys\etc\fstab.sample to c:\osgeo4w\apps\msys\etc\fstab (without .sample)

4. Open c:\osgeo4w\apps\msys\etc\fstab

5. At line 16, change:

   c:/mingw		/mingw
   c:/ActiveState/perl	/perl
   

To:

c:/osgeo4w/	/osgeo4w

6. Download the MinGW packages:
   • bin-utils from ​here
   • gcc-core from ​here
   • gcc-g++ from ​here
   • mingw32-make from ​here
   • mingw-runtime from ​here
   • mingw-utils from ​here
   • w32api from ​here

7. Unpack all to c:\osgeo4w

8. Download an updated make from ​here (required for grass-7.0.svn)

9. Unpack to c:\osgeo4w\apps\msys

Pre-built Binaries

Download:

• bison from ​here
• bison-deps from ​here
• flex from ​here
• gettext-bin from ​here
• gettext-lib from ​here
• libintl-bin from ​here
• libintl-lib from ​here
• regex from ​here

Unpack all to c:\osgeo4w

Compiling and Installing GRASS (6.4.0)

1. Download the latest GRASS 6.4.0 source code from ​here.

2. Unpack to c:\osgeo4w\usr\src

3. Open c:\osgeo4w\usr\src\grass64\mswindows\osgeo4w\package.sh and at line 12, change:

   --with-libs="/c/OSGeo4W/lib /c/MinGW/lib" \
   --with-includes="/c/OSGeo4W/include /c/MinGW/include" \
   

To:

--with-libs=/c/OSGeo4W/lib \
--with-includes=/c/OSGeo4W/include \

5. To compile, type in MSYS console:

   export PATH="/osgeo4w/bin:$PATH"
   cd /osgeo4w/usr/src/grass-6.4xxx (change to dir of the version you downloaded)
   ./mswindows/osgeo4w/package.sh
   

When finished, you should have the following compilation log (c:\osgeo4w\usr\src\grass-6.4xxx\error.log):

GRASS GIS compilation log
-------------------------
Started compilation: Mon Feb 16 10:11:17 GMT 2009
--
Errors in:
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.daemon
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.edgedensity
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.patchdensity
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.patchnum
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.shape
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.simpson
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.shannon
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.mps
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.mpa
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.padcv
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.padsd
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.padrange
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.cwed
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.richness
/usr/local/src/grass-6.4.0/raster/r.li/r.li.dominance
--
In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make'.
If you get multiple errors, you need to deal with them in the order they
appear in the error log. If you get an error building a library, you will
also get errors from anything which uses the library.
--
Finished compilation: Mon Feb 16 10:11:17 GMT 2009
make: *** [default] Error 1

Currently r.li.* cannot be compiled on Windows, but grass will run fine without them.

6. Because of these errors in the install script stops. To finish it type:

   make install
   

Now GRASS should be installed in c:\osgeo4w\apps\grass-6.4.0\

Usage

To start grass use the icon on the desktop.

OR, if you want to be able to use the command line from within grass, you'll need a different start-up file.

1. Open C:\OSGeo4W\apps\grass\bin\grass64 and at line 24 add:

   if [ -z "$PYTHONPATH" ] ; then
    PYTHONPATH="$GISBASE/etc/python"
   else
    PYTHONPATH="$GISBASE/etc/python:$PYTHONPATH"
   fi
   export PYTHONPATH
   

2. To start grass, type in MSYS console:

   /osgeo4w/apps/grass/bin/grass64
   

Or to use the new wxpython GUI:

/osgeo4w/apps/grass/bin/grass64 -wxpython

Compiling and Installing Development Versions of GRASS

Optional Installation of Subversion

The GRASS source tree is stored in an online repository called Subversion. Rather than downloading source trees from the website, subversion lets you keep up to date, and manage your modifications, with simply commands. For more see ​Working with SVN.

1. Download Collabnet Subversion Command-Line Client (1.6) from ​here. (You'll have to register on Collabnet)

2. Run the installer and install to a path without spaces(?) such as c:/Subversion or c:/Programs/Subversion

3. Open c:\osgeo4w\etc\ini\msys.bat and at line 1 add the path to your subversion folder, eg. change:

   PATH %PATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\msys\bin
   

To:

PATH %PATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\msys\bin;/c/Programs/Subversion

Alternatively TortoiseSVN, a plugin for Windows Explorer, can be used for managing the local source tree. Download ​here.

Grass-6.5.svn (develbranch_6)

1. Download the grass-6.5.svn source tree with:
   • subversion (also see here

     cd /osgeo4w/usr/src
     svn co http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/develbranch_6/ grass6-devel
     #For Subsequent updates, type:
     cd /osgeo4w/usr/src/grass6-devel
     svn up
     

OR

• Download a daily snapshot from ​here

2. Follow the instructions above for grass-6.4.0, but change all grass64 to grass65, etc.

nb. To update your source tree later using subversion and recompile type:

cd /osgeo4w/usr/src/grass6-devel
svn up
rm configure-stamp
./mswindows/osgeo4w/package.sh

Grass-7.0.svn (trunk)

1. Download the grass-7.0.svn source tree with:
   • subversion (also see here

     cd /osgeo4w/usr/src
     svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk
     #For Subsequent updates, type:
     cd /osgeo4w/usr/src/grass_trunk
     svn up
     

OR

• Download a daily snapshot from ​here and unpack to c:\osgeo4w\usr\src (if you use this method in the instructions below change "grass_trunk" to the folder name of your snapshot eg. "grass-7.0.svn_src_snapshot_2009_03_29")

2. Open c:\osgeo4w\etc\ini\msys.bat and at line 3 add:

   set PYTHONPATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\Python25
   

3. Open c:\osgeo4w\usr\src\grass_trunk\lib\python\grass.py, and at line 208 change:

   os.execvp("g.parser", [name] + argv)
   

To:

os.execvp("g.parser.exe", [name] + argv)

4. Open c:\osgeo4w\usr\src\grass_trunk\include\Make\Multi.make, at at line 19 change:

   $(BIN)/%$(EXE): $(DEPENDENCIES)
   	$(call linker)
   
   define objs_rule
   $(BIN)/$(1)$(EXE): $$(patsubst %.o,$(OBJDIR)/%.o,$$($$(subst .,_,$(1)_OBJS)))
   

To:

define objs_rule
$(BIN)/$(1)$(EXE): $$(patsubst %.o,$(OBJDIR)/%.o,$$($$(subst .,_,$(1)_OBJS))) $(DEPENDENCIES)
	$$(call linker)

5. Download the package.sh script from ​here

6. Put in c:\osgeo4w\usr\src\grass_trunk\mswindows\osgeo4w\ (you may have to create the latter two folders)

7. Open c:\osgeo4w\usr\src\grass_trunk\mswindows\osgeo4w\package.sh, and make the same changes as in the grass-6.4.0 section above

8. Also, at line 35 change:

   --with-freetype-includes=/osgeo4w/include/freetype2 
   

To:

--with-freetype-includes=/osgeo4w/include/freetype2 \
--without-cairo \
--without-geos

9. To compile, type in MSYS console:

   cd /osgeo4w/usr/src/grass_trunk
   ./mswindows/osgeo4w/package.sh
   

10. Once the scripts fails on the r.li.* errors (see above), type:

    make install
    

11. Once this is finished open c:\osgeo4w\apps\grass\grass-7.0.svn\etc\Init.sh, and at line 150 change:

    PATH="$GRASS_LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
    

To:

PATH="$GRASS_LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$PATH"

12. Open c:\osgeo4w\apps\grass\bin\grass70, and at line 25 add:

    if [ -z "$PYTHONPATH" ] ; then
     PYTHONPATH="$GISBASE/etc/python"
    else
     PYTHONPATH="$GISBASE/etc/python:$PYTHONPATH"
    fi
    export PYTHONPATH
    

13. You're finished, start with:

    /osgeo4w/apps/grass/bin/grass70
    

nb. To update your source tree later using subversion and recompile type:

cd /osgeo4w/usr/src/grass_trunk
svn up
rm configure-stamp
./mswindows/osgeo4w/package.sh

Troubleshooting

Here are a few common problems and their solutions:

With module...	If you get the error	Do the following
r.mapcalc, r.univar, or raster3d/base	No rule to make target ... needed by 'progs'	Update msys's make (see step 8 in the MinGW section above)
scripts/*	ImportError: No module named grass	Fix PYTHONPATH to *nix-style (eg. PYTHONPATH=/osego4w/apps/Python25)

TODO

• QGIS
• Add cairo support to grass-7.0.svn
  • Possibly use these cairo binaries ​deps and ​bin.
  • Preferably get cairo added to osgeo4w tree.
• Add geos support for grass-7.0.svn (need geos-config file)

Building with MS Visual Studio

• See CompileOnWindowsMSVC

See also

• ​GRASS package page in OSGeo4W (including ​packaging notes)
• Develop your own GRASS modules on MS-Windows
• ​http://wiki.qgis.org/qgiswiki/BuildingFromSource by QGIS Team
• ​http://www.webalice.it/marco.pasetti/grass/BuildFromSource.html by Marco Pasetti
• ​http://www.webalice.it/marco.pasetti/qgis+grass/BuildFromSource.html by Marco Pasetti