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PostGIS Raster Working Specifications for PostGIS 2.0
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Objective 2.0.01 - Being able to get and set the rotation of a raster
ST_SetRotation(raster, angle)
Set the rotation of the raster. This method actually derive values for pixelsizex, pixelsizey, skewx and skewy based on the provided rotation angle.
See discussion in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/482
Open Question:
PR: The angle should be provided in radian or in degree?
ST_Rotation(raster) → float64
Return the georeference's rotation angle in (degree or radiant?) derived from the pixel size and the skew.
PR: I think getting the rotation get no sence since the result of pixelsizes and skew is not necessarily a rotation. It make sence to set it though.
Objective 2.0.02 - Being able to create a raster as the expression of another raster
ST_MapAlgebra
Returns a one band raster which pixel values are the mathematical expression of another raster band.
The expression is any PostgreSQL valid expression returning a number. This expression can contain conditional expressions like CASE or any user-defined function. In the one raster version of ST_MapAlgebra, the value of the current pixel is expressed in the expression by "rast". E.g. 'cos(rast)' or 'rast / 2'
An extra nodata value expression, applying only to nodata values pixel, can be provided.
It is not possible yet to refer to neighbour pixel values.
In the one raster version of ST_MapAlgebra, the resulting raster conserve the size, the georeference, the alignment and the SRID of the provided raster.
The pixel type of the resulting raster can be specified as '1BB', '2BUI', '4BUI', '8BSI', '8BUI', '16BSI', '16BUI', '32BSI', '32BUI', '32BF' or '64BF'. If the expression results in a value out of the range of the specified pixel type, it is truncated.
Variants
The first series of variant allow specifying the number of the band used in the expression.
1) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, band integer, expression text, nodatavalueexpr text, pixeltype text)
2) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, band integer, expression text, nodatavalueexpr text)
3) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, band integer, expression text, pixeltype text)
4) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, band integer, expression text)
The second series of variant default the band to 1.
5) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, expression text, nodatavalueexpr text, pixeltype text)
6) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, expression text, nodatavalueexpr text)
7) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, expression text, pixeltype text)
8) ST_MapAlgebra(rast raster, expression text)
Implementation details
Only the first variant should be implemented in C. Others are PL/pgSQL variants. The C implementation should follow the PL/pgSQL script of the one raster version of ST_MapAlgebra implemented at the top of http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/browser/trunk/raster/scripts/plpgsql/st_mapalgebra.sql
Optimizations should be implemented in many situations:
-When the raster is only no data values (tested with ST_BandIsNoDataValue() to be implemented)
-When the expression resume to the provided raster 'rast'.
Specifications for the two rasters version of ST_MapAlgebra are descibed in Objective 2.0.03.
Objective 2.0.03 - Being able to create a raster as the expression of two rasters
ST_SameAlignment(raster, raster)
This function returns true if both rasters' grids are aligned.
Two rasters grid are aligned if:
-They share the same pixel scales and skews
-At least one of any of the four corner of any pixel of one raster fall on any corner of the grid of the other raster.
Alignment is not the same concept as georeference. Two rasters can be aligned but not have the same georeference.
Rotation is important here since two rasters grid might look perfectly aligned but are not if their rotated are different.
Knowing if two rasters share the same alignment is useful when it is time to decide if one of them must be resampled before doing other operations (like ST_MapAlgebra on two rasters).
Variants
1) ST_SameAlignment(ulx1, uly1, scalex1, scaley1, skewx1, skewy1, ulx2, uly2, scalex2, scaley2, skewx2, skewy2)
2) ST_SameAlignment(rast1 raster, rast2 raster)
The first variant is useful to PL/pgSQL function which have already get the values of the parameters.
Implementation Details
Only the first variant should be implemented in C. The second one is a PL/pgSQL variants. The C implementation should follow the PL/pgSQL version implemented in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/browser/trunk/raster/scripts/plpgsql/st_mapalgebra.sql
It is not clear if this PL/pgSQL implementation works when raster are rotated. To verify.
See discussion in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/589
ST_MapAlgebra on two rasters
Specifications of ST_MapAlgebra on two rasters are still in progress as a new optimised version, filling large areas of same value more quickly, is planned. See http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/browser/trunk/raster/scripts/plpgsql/st_mapalgebra_optimized.sql
See discussion in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/590
Objective 2.0.04 - Implement better support for NULL, Empty, HasNoBand(rast), HasNoBand(rast, band) and BandIsNoData rasters in all functions.
Each function should better handle NULL rasters, empty rasterm rasters with no band and bands only filled with nodata values.
1) Generally, when NULL rasters are provided, return NULL. If the function involves a second non NULL raster and something can be done with it, do it.
2) Generally, when empty rasters are provided (ST_IsEmpty, width=0 or height=0), return an empty raster. If the function involves a second non empty raster and something can be done with it, do it.
2) Generally, when a HasNoBand(rast) or a HasNoBand(rast, band) raster is provided return a raster with no band but with the right extent. If the function involves a second raster having a band or the band, treat the first missing band like a BandIsNoData.
4) A BandIsNoData raster is a normal raster but many functions can be optimized with this type of raster.
5) All functions having missing the requested information (about its extent when it is a NULL or an empty raster or about its band when it is a HasNoBand(rast) or a HasNoBand(rast, band) raster) should return NULL or a documented value.
6) Try as less as possible to return EXCEPTION (or ERROR).
See discussion in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/594
ST_IsEmpty(rast) → boolean
Returns TRUE if the raster width or the raster height is 0.
ST_HasNoBand
Variants
1) ST_HasNoBand(rast, band) → boolean
2) ST_HasNoBand(rast) → boolean
Returns TRUE if the the raster does not have this band.
Variant 2 returns TRUE if the the raster does not have any band.
ST_BandIsNoData
Variants
1) ST_BandIsNoData(rast, band) → boolean
2) ST_BandIsNoData(rast) → boolean
Returns TRUE if the specified raster band is only filled with no data value.
Variant 2 default to band 1.
Implementation details
This require a new flag to be set in the core at import and at edition. See discussion in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/593
Objective 2.0.05 - Being able to set and get values for part of a raster.
ST_SetValues
Set a set of pixel to a value.
Those functions are provided as a faster way to set pixels than the (future) two rasters version of ST_MapAlgebra which can also be used when more conditional flexibility is necessary. They should also be used in this version of ST_MapAlgebra to quicly set large areas to a single value.
Variants
The first series of variant set a defined area of the raster to a value.
1) ST_SetValues(rast raster, band int, x int, y int, width int, height int, val float8, keepdestnodata boolean)
2) ST_SetValues(rast raster, x int, y int, width int, height int, val float8, keepdestnodata boolean)
3) ST_SetValues(rast raster, x int, y int, width int, height int, val float8)
4) ST_SetValues(rast raster, band int, x int, y int, width int, height int, val float8)
The second series of variant set a defined area of the raster to corresponding values of another raster.
5) ST_SetValues(rast1 raster, band1 int, x int, y int, width int, height int, rast2 raster, band2 int, keepdestnodata boolean, keepsourcenodata boolean)
6) ST_SetValues(rast1 raster, x int, y int, width int, height int, rast2 raster, keepdestnodata boolean, keepsourcenodata boolean)
7) ST_SetValues(rast1 raster, x int, y int, width int, height int, rast2 raster)
x, y, width & height define the area of the raster to be edited. x & y are the raster coordinates of the upper left corner of this are. When x, y, width or height are out of the raster range, only the part of the range intersecting with the raster is set to the new value.
val is the new value to be set.
When keepdestnodata is TRUE, destination nodata value pixels are not set. Default is FALSE so that nodata value pixels are set.
When keepsourcenodata is TRUE, source nodata value pixels are not copied. Default is FALSE so that nodata value pixels are copied.
Variant 2 assume band to be 1.
Variant 3 assume band to be 1 and keepdestnodata to be FALSE.
Variant 4 assume only keepdestnodata to be FALSE.
Variant 6 assume both bands to be 1.
Variant 7 assume both bands to be 1, keepdestnodata to be FALSE and keepsourcenodata to be FALSE.
Implementation details
PL/pgSQL prototypes can be found in http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/browser/trunk/raster/scripts/plpgsql/st_setvalues.sql
ST_Clip
Returns the subset of a raster as a raster.
All metadata are copied from the source raster (except ulx, uly, width and height which must be computed).
Variants
1) ST_Clip(raster, ulx float8, uly float8, width int, height int) → raster
2) ST_Clip(raster, band, ulx float8, uly float8, width int, height int) → raster
3) ST_Clip(raster, geometry) → raster
4) ST_Clip(raster, band, geometry) → raster
5) ST_Clip(raster, geometry, 'EXACT') → raster
6) ST_Clip(raster, band, geometry, 'EXACT') → raster
Variant 1 takes the upper left corner, the width and the height of the desired zone. Variant 3 determine the extent of this zone from the extent of a geometry. Variant 5 determine the extent of this zone from the extent of a geometry and set all pixel outside the geometry to no data values.
Variants 2, 4 and 6 return only the selected band with the clipped raster.
If the geometry is totally included into one pixel (a point for example), only this pixel is kept in the returned raster.
Implementation details
Implemented as a wrapper around ST_MapAlgebra.
newrast := ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(x2 - x1, y2 - y1, ST_Raster2WorldCoordX(rast, x1, y2), ST_Raster2WorldCoordY(rast, x1, y2), ST_PixelSizeX(rast), ST_PixelSizeY(rast),ST_SkewX(rast),ST_SkewY(rast), ST_SRID(rast)), ‘1BB’, 1, 0) newrast := ST_MultiBandMapAlgebra(rast, newrast, ‘rast1’, ‘INTERSECTION’)
Could also be implemented as ST_Intersection → ST_Band(ST_Intersection(geometry, raster, band, “TRIM”), 1) Would require some kind of TRIM and would be slower.
This function is necessary to optimize ST_Intersection. The raster to be polygonised before proceeding to a vector intersection should first be clipped to the minimal intersecting area using ST_Clip().
Objective 2.0.06 - Being able to add a band to a raster
ST_AddBand
Add a band to a raster. The new band can be filled with nodata values or comes from another raster. The index where to insert the new band, the pixel type, the initial value and the nodata value can all be specified.
When the index is not specified, the raster is added as the last band of the raster.
If no nodata value is provided the added band has no nodata value.
If no initial value is provided the initial value is 0.
Variants
The first series of variant add the new band at the specified index.
1) ST_AddBand(rast raster, index int, pixeltype text, initialvalue float8, nodataval float8)
2) ST_AddBand(rast raster, index int, pixeltype text, initialvalue float8)
3) ST_AddBand(rast raster, index int, pixeltype text)
The second series of variant add the new band as the last band.
4) ST_AddBand(rast raster, pixeltype text, initialvalue float8, nodataval float8)
5) ST_AddBand(rast raster, pixeltype text, initialvalue float8)
6) ST_AddBand(rast raster, pixeltype text)
The third series of variant add a band as the copy of another raster band.
7) ST_AddBand(rast1 raster, rast2 raster, band int, index int)
8) ST_AddBand(rast1 raster, rast2 raster, band int)
9) ST_AddBand(rast1 raster, rast2 raster)
Variant 8 and 9 add the rast2 band as the last band of rast1.
Implementation details
Only variant 1 should be implemented as a C functions. Others variants are PL/pgSQL variants.
Variant 7 is useful to optimize ST_MapAlgebra.
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