Changes between Version 2 and Version 3 of TracEnvironment
- Timestamp:
- 04/22/15 15:34:51 (9 years ago)
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TracEnvironment
v2 v3 1 = The Trac Environment = 1 = The Trac Environment 2 [[TracGuideToc]] 3 [[PageOutline]] 2 4 3 Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the “environment”.5 Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the environment. 4 6 5 == Creating an Environment ==7 == Creating an Environment 6 8 7 A new Trac environment is created using [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin]:8 {{{ 9 A new Trac environment is created using [TracAdmin#initenv trac-admin's initenv]: 10 {{{#!sh 9 11 $ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv 10 12 }}} 11 13 12 [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] will ask you for the name of the project, the 13 database connection string (explained below), and the type and path to 14 your source code repository. 14 `trac-admin` will ask you for the name of the project and the database connection string, see below. 15 15 16 ''Note: The web server user will require file system write permission to 17 the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set 18 the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the Subversion repository 19 Trac is eventually using, although Trac will only require read access as long 20 as you're not using the BDB file system. Also, it seems that project names 21 with spaces can be problematic for authentication (see [trac:#7163]).'' 16 === Useful Tips 22 17 23 ''Note: "initenv" when using svn repository does not imply that trac-admin will perform "svnadmin create" for the specified repository path. You need to perform the "svnadmin create" prior to trac-admin initenv if you're creating a new svn repository altogether with a new trac environment, otherwise you will see a message "Warning: couldn't index the repository" when initializing the environment.'' 18 - Place your environment's directory on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac monitors the timestamp of its configuration files and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution may go undetected in Trac < 1.0.2. This is also true for the location of authentication files when using TracStandalone. 24 19 25 == Database Connection Strings == 20 - The user under which the web server runs will require file system write permission to 21 the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set 22 the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the source code repository, 23 although the user under which Trac runs will only require write access to a Subversion repository created with the BDB file system; for other repository types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation. 24 25 - `initenv`, when using an svn repository, does not imply that trac-admin will perform `svnadmin create` for the specified repository path. You need to perform the `svnadmin create` prior to `trac-admin initenv` if you're creating a new svn repository altogether with a new trac environment, otherwise you will see a message "Warning: couldn't index the repository" when initializing the environment. 26 26 27 Since version 0.9, Trac supports both [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite] and 28 [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] database backends. Preliminary 29 support for [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] was added in 0.10. The default is 30 to use SQLite, which is probably sufficient for most projects. The database 31 file is then stored in the environment directory, and can easily be 32 [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment. 27 - Non-ascii environment paths are not supported. 28 29 - Also, it seems that project names with spaces can be problematic for authentication, see [trac:#7163]. 33 30 34 === Embedded SQLite Connection String === 35 The connection string for an embedded SQLite database is: 31 - TracPlugins located in a [TracIni#inherit-section shared plugins folder] that is defined in an [TracIni#GlobalConfiguration inherited configuration] are currently not loaded during creation, and hence, if they need to create extra tables for example, you'll need to [TracUpgrade#UpgradetheTracEnvironment upgrade the environment] before being able to use it. 32 33 == Database Connection Strings 34 35 Trac supports [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] and [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] database backends. The default is SQLite, which is probably sufficient for most projects. The database file is then stored in the environment directory, and can easily be [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment. 36 37 Note that if the username or password of the connection string (if applicable) contains the `:`, `/` or `@` characters, they need to be URL encoded. 38 39 === SQLite Connection String 40 The connection string for an SQLite database is: 36 41 {{{ 37 42 sqlite:db/trac.db 38 43 }}} 44 where `db/trac.db` is the path to the database file within the Trac environment. 39 45 40 === PostgreSQL Connection String === 41 If you want to use PostgreSQL or MySQL instead, you'll have to use a 42 different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL 43 database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the 44 user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, use: 46 === PostgreSQL Connection String 47 If you want to use PostgreSQL instead, you'll have to use a different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL database on the same machine called `trac` for user `johndoe` with the password `letmein` use: 45 48 {{{ 46 49 postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost/trac 47 50 }}} 48 ''Note that due to the way the above string is parsed, the "/" and "@" characters cannot be part of the password.''49 51 50 If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port (for example 9342), use:52 If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port, for example 9342, use: 51 53 {{{ 52 54 postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost:9342/trac 53 55 }}} 54 56 55 On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport, 56 either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable: 57 On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport, either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable: 57 58 {{{ 58 59 postgres://user:password@/database … … 63 64 }}} 64 65 65 Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running 66 `trac-admin initenv`. 66 Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running `trac-admin initenv`. 67 67 68 68 See the [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ PostgreSQL documentation] for detailed instructions on how to administer [http://postgresql.org PostgreSQL]. 69 Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser` , and a database named `trac`.70 {{{ 71 createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser72 createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac69 Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser` and a database named `trac`: 70 {{{#!sh 71 $ createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser 72 $ createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac 73 73 }}} 74 74 When running `createuser` you will be prompted for the password for the user 'tracuser'. This new user will not be a superuser, will not be allowed to create other databases and will not be allowed to create other roles. These privileges are not needed to run a trac instance. If no password is desired for the user, simply remove the `-P` and `-E` options from the `createuser` command. Also note that the database should be created as UTF8. LATIN1 encoding causes errors trac's use of unicode in trac. SQL_ASCII also seems to work. 75 75 76 76 Under some default configurations (debian) one will have run the `createuser` and `createdb` scripts as the `postgres` user. For example: 77 {{{ 78 sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser'79 sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac'77 {{{#!sh 78 $ sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser' 79 $ sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac' 80 80 }}} 81 81 82 Trac uses the `public` schema by default but you can specify a different schema in the connection string:82 Trac uses the `public` schema by default, but you can specify a different schema in the connection string: 83 83 {{{ 84 84 postgres://user:pass@server/database?schema=yourschemaname 85 85 }}} 86 86 87 === MySQL Connection String ===87 === MySQL Connection String 88 88 89 If you want to use MySQL instead, you'll have to use a 90 different connection string. For example, to connect to a MySQL 91 database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the 92 user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, the mysql connection string is: 89 The format of the MySQL connection string is similar to those for PostgreSQL, with the `postgres` scheme being replaced by `mysql`. For example, to connect to a MySQL database on the same machine called `trac` for user `johndoe` with password `letmein`, the MySQL connection string is: 93 90 {{{ 94 91 mysql://johndoe:letmein@localhost:3306/trac 95 92 }}} 96 93 97 == Source Code Repository ==94 == Source Code Repository 98 95 99 You'll first have to provide the ''type'' of your repository (e.g. `svn` for Subversion, 100 which is the default), then the ''path'' where the repository is located. 96 Since Trac 0.12, a single environment can be connected to more than one repository. There are many different ways to connect repositories to an environment, see TracRepositoryAdmin. This page also details the various attributes that can be set for a repository, such as `type`, `url`, `description`. 101 97 102 If you don't want to use Trac with a source code repository, simply leave the ''path'' empty 103 (the ''type'' information doesn't matter, then). 98 In Trac 0.12 `trac-admin` no longer asks questions related to repositories. Therefore, by default Trac is not connected to any source code repository, and the ''Browse Source'' toolbar item will not be displayed. 99 You can also explicitly disable the `trac.versioncontrol.*` components, which are otherwise still loaded. 100 {{{#!ini 101 [components] 102 trac.versioncontrol.* = disabled 103 }}} 104 104 105 For some systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository, 106 but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information 107 related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for 108 Trac supports this; for other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation. 105 For some version control systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository, but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for Trac supports this. For other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation. 109 106 110 Example of a configuration for a Subversion repository :111 {{{ 107 Example of a configuration for a Subversion repository used as the default repository: 108 {{{#!ini 112 109 [trac] 113 110 repository_type = svn … … 116 113 117 114 The configuration for a scoped Subversion repository would be: 118 {{{ 115 {{{#!ini 119 116 [trac] 120 117 repository_type = svn … … 122 119 }}} 123 120 124 == Directory Structure ==121 == Directory Structure 125 122 126 123 An environment directory will usually consist of the following files and directories: 127 124 128 125 * `README` - Brief description of the environment. 129 * `VERSION` - Contains the environment version identifier.126 * `VERSION` - Environment version identifier. 130 127 * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets are stored here. 131 128 * `conf` 132 129 * `trac.ini` - Main configuration file. See TracIni. 133 130 * `db` 134 * `trac.db` - The SQLite database (if you're using SQLite). 135 * `htdocs` - directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in Genshi templates. '''''(0.11 only)''''' 136 * `log` - default directory for log files, if logging is turned on and a relative path is given. 137 * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins] (Python eggs, since [trac:milestone:0.10 0.10]) 138 * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates. '''''(0.11 only)''''' 139 * `site.html` - method to customize header, footer, and style, described in TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance 140 * ''`templates` - Custom [trac:ClearSilver ClearSilver] environment-specific templates. '''(0.10 only)''' '' 141 * ''`site_css.cs` - Custom CSS rules.'' 142 * ''`site_footer.cs` - Custom page footer.'' 143 * ''`site_header.cs` - Custom page header.'' 144 * ''`wiki-macros` - Environment-specific [WikiMacros Wiki macros]. '''(0.10 only)''' '' 131 * `trac.db` - The SQLite database, if you are using SQLite. 132 * `htdocs` - Directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in Genshi templates using `/htdocs/site/...` URLs. 133 * `log` - Default directory for log files, if logging is turned on and a relative path is given. 134 * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins]. 135 * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates. 136 * `site.html` - Method to customize header, footer, and style, described in TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance. 145 137 146 '''Note: don't confuse a Trac environment directory with the source code repository directory. 147 It happens that the above structure is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory 148 structure, but they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place.''' 138 === Caveat: don't confuse a ''Trac environment directory'' with the ''source code repository directory'' #Caveat 139 140 This is a common beginners' mistake. 141 It happens that the structure for a Trac environment is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory 142 structure, but those are two disjoint entities and they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place. 149 143 150 144 ----