Summary

1. USGS offers new topo maps as a geospatial PDF  http://www.gdal.org/frmt_pdf.html for download  http://nationalmap.gov/ustopo/index.html. Direct download of specific file:  http://ims.er.usgs.gov/gda_services/download?item_id=5365522 2. Some users may prefer to have the Topo map as a geotif rather than PDF

Details

1. GDAL must be built with Geospatial PDF support, see the above link for details. Confirm with:

$ gdalinfo --formats
Supported Formats:
...
  HF2 (rwv): HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
  PDF (rov): Geospatial PDF
  OZI (rov): OziExplorer Image File
...

2. Use gdalinfo to get NEATLINE:

$gdalinfo OR_Newport_North_20110824_TM_geo.pdf 
Driver: PDF/Geospatial PDF
Files: OR_Newport_North_20110824_TM_geo.pdf
...
Metadata:
  NEATLINE=POLYGON ((421614.539994676539209 4956417.675689895637333,421413.787766160559841 4941008.479600958526134,409984.382813899661414 4941157.382794972509146,410185.135042413836345 4956566.578883905895054,421614.539994676539209 4956417.675689895637333))
Corner Coordinates:
...

3. Make an OGR datasource of the NEATLINE to use as a cutline in gdalwarp. This can be two files, a .vrt and .csv wkt_cutline_file.vrt:

<OGRVRTDataSource>
             <OGRVRTLayer name="NEATLINE">
                <SrcDataSource >NEATLINE.csv</SrcDataSource>
                <GeometryType>wkbPolygon</GeometryType>
                <FID>Record_Id</FID>
                <GeometryField encoding="WKT" field="wkb_Polygon"/>
                <LayerSRS>EPSG:26910</LayerSRS>
            </OGRVRTLayer>
</OGRVRTDataSource> 

NEATLINE.csv:

"Record_Id","wkb_Polygon"
"1","POLYGON ((421614.539994676539209 4956417.675689895637333,421413.787766160559841 4941008.479600958526134,409984.382813899661414 4941157.382794972509146,410185.135042413836345 4956566.578883905895054,421614.539994676539209 4956417.675689895637333))"

4. Use gdal_translate or gdalwarp to convert to geotif and if using gdalwarp, -cutline to the NEATLINE.

gdalwarp -cutline wkt_cutline_file.vrt -cl NEATLINE -crop_to_cutline OR_Newport_North_20110824_TM_geo.pdf OR_Newport_North_20110824_TM_geo.tif

Notes

• There is probably a more elegant way to grab the NEATLINE for use. (see this thread for some ideas,  GeoPDF thread on nabble)
• This could be combined with gdalinfo, wget, or curl to determine which file to download. (This is not the same file listed above but a nearby historical Topo)

  wget "http://usgs-catalog4.srv.mst.edu/cgi-bin/gda?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetFeatureInfo&BBOX=-125.317789,43.823383,-123.427332,45.547829&SRS=EPSG:4326&WIDTH=912&HEIGHT=831&LAYERS=gdagfigeopdfs&STYLES=&FORMAT=image/jpeg&QUERY_LAYERS=gdagfigeopdfs&INFO_FORMAT=text/plain&X=629&Y=335"
  

curl -s "http://usgs-catalog4.srv.mst.edu/cgi-bin/gda?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetFeatureInfo&BBOX=-125.317789,43.823383,-123.427332,45.547829&SRS=EPSG:4326&WIDTH=912&HEIGHT=831&LAYERS=gdagfigeopdfs&STYLES=&FORMAT=image/jpeg&QUERY_LAYERS=gdagfigeopdfs&INFO_FORMAT=text/plain&X=629&Y=335" | grep DOWNLOAD

Not sure how to GetFeatureInfo? with gdalinfo, here is a general GetCapabilities?:

gdalinfo "WMS:http://usgs-catalog4.srv.mst.edu/cgi-bin/gda?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetFeatureInfo&BBOX=-125.317789,43.823383,-123.427332,45.547829&SRS=EPSG:4326&LAYERS=gdagfigeopdfs&STYLES=&QUERY_LAYERS=gdagfigeopdfs&INFO_FORMAT=text/plain&X=629&Y=335"